@article{oai:jpf.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000291,
 author = {向井, 千春 and MUKAI, Chiharu},
 journal = {世界の日本語教育. 日本語教育論集, Japanese language education around the globe ; Japanese language education around the globe},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {あいづちは、会話においてとても重要な役割を果 たす。あいづちはどの言語にもある普遍的な行動であるが、その使用法は言語によって異なる。これまで、あいづち指導の重要性が指摘されているが、学習者のあいづちに関する研究はさほど多くない。本研究の目的は、対面 会話において日本語学習者が使用したあいづちが母語話者のあいづちとどのように違うかを調査、分析し、あいづち指導のための指針を得ることである。
データとして学習者と母語話者のペア5組と母語話者同士5組の自由会話を用い、会話中に使用されたあいづち全てを頻度と機能の二つの面 に焦点をあ て分析した。分析の結果、学習者は母語話者とほぼ同じ間隔であいづちを使用していること、さらに、学習者は母語話者に比べて、あいづちを使用する際話し手に対して聞き手がどう感じたかを示すことが少ないことが明らかになった。つまり、上級学習者と母語話者のあいづちには量 的というよりもむしろ質的な違いがある。上級学習者のあいづち指導では、まず学習者にあいづちの質的な違いの存在に気づかせ、聞いている、あるいは理解したということだけでなく、話し手に対して興味や同意などを表示するようなあいづちをより多く使用させるようにする必要があると言える。, The brief vocalizations produced by the listener while the speaker is talking are called back-channels (BCs). BCs are necessary for a smooth flow of conversation and contribute greatly to the development of the speaker's talk. BCs are a universal behaviour which can be observed in any language. However, their usage differs from cluture to culture. In the cross-cultural settings, communication misunderstandings can occur due to the differing BC usage between different cultures. In Japanese language teaching, the necessity of teaching proper BC usage to learners is often emphasized. For the further understanding of learners' BC usage, more empirical studies on BCs used by learners are necessary.
 The current study has attempted to investigate learners' BC behaviour and to suggest implications for teaching Japanese BCs to learners. Face-to-face casual conversations between pairs of a native speaker and a learner of Japanese, and between native speakers are observed. BC usage by learners and native speakers are found to be different qualitatively rather than quantitatively. The analysis of the frequency, focusing on intervals between BCs rather than the number of BCs produced, demonstrate learners produce BCs as frequently as native speakers do. The analysis of the functional aspects of BC usage indicate that learners do not express what they feel about what the speaker said as much as do native speakers when producing BCs. This implies that learners participate in a conversation less actively when they are playing the role of the listener.
 On the basis of our findings, two major suggestions are presented: (i) to raise learners' awareness to the difference in the qualitative aspects of Japanese BC usage from those of the learners' native language, and (ii) to encourage learners to produce more BCs which show their attitude of willingness to cooperate and empathize with what the speaker said., 13, KJ00000611569},
 pages = {197--219},
 title = {上級日本語学習者のあいづち : その質と量},
 volume = {9},
 year = {1999},
 yomi = {ムカイ, チハル}
}